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Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened - JCI

Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations this changes to an inhibition. We concluded that fatty acids caused a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (by decreasing glycogen synthesis and CHO oxidation) and that FFA and/or glycerol increased insulin-suppressed hepatic glucose output and thus caused insulin resistance at the peripheral and the hepatic level. Altered muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism may contribute to the presence of muscle insulin resistance in the genetically obese Zucker rat. To determine whether FA uptake and disposal are altered in insulin-resistant muscle, we measured palmitate uptake, oxidation, and incorporation into di- and triglycerides in isolated rat hindquarters, as well as muscle plasma membrane fatty acid–binding There is strong support for the notion that free fatty acids (FFAs) are an important link between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Myocardial fatty acid utilization rate depends on the availability of exogenous fatty acids and the rate of acetyl-CoA oxidation . When plasma glucose and insulin levels are increased, the heart preferentially uses glucose, and fatty acid uptake and oxidation are suppressed (27, 34).

Fatty acids are a major fuel source used to sustain contractile function in heart and oxidative skeletal muscle. To meet the energy demands of these muscles, the uptake and beta-oxidation of fatty acids must be coordinately Insulin causes fatty acid transport protein translocation and enhanced fatty acid uptake in adipocytes CONCLUSIONS: These results support insulin regulation of fatty acid turnover by both release and uptake mechanisms. Activation of fatty acid uptake is consistent with the human data, has mechanistic precedent in cell culture, and highlights a new potential target for therapies aimed at improving the control of fatty acid metabolism in insulin-resistant disease states. Insulin- and leptin-regulated fatty acid uptake plays a key causal role in hepatic steatosis in mice with intact leptin signaling but not in ob/obor db/dbmice Fengxia Ge,1,*Shengli Zhou,1,*Chunguang Hu,1Harrison Lobdell, IV,1and Paul D. Berk1,2 Divisions of 1Digestive and Liver Disease and 2002-04-01 fatty acid (LCFA) uptake. In contrast, treatment with duced ability to take up fatty acids at low fatty acid to TNF- inhibited basal and insulin-induced LCFA up-albumin ratios (Coburn et al., 2001). Recently we have takeand reducedFATP1and -4levels.

‪Lars Lind‬ - ‪Google Scholar‬

The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that this single role of insulin is insufficient to explain observed fatty acid dynamics. Methods and Results—Fatty acid kinetics were measured during a meal tolerance test and insulin sensitivity assessed by We conclude that 1) adipocytes seem to be less vulnerable to elevated levels of fatty acids than muscle and liver cells, 2) the interactions between glucocorticoids and insulin in the regulation of glucose uptake differ between adipose depots, 3) depot specific hormonal lipolysis regulation differs between sexes and 4) fat cell size is related to insulin action in subcutaneous fat cells and to Fatty acid-induced decreases in 2DG uptake activity and viability of L6 cells. (A) Differentiated L6 cells were incubated with the indicated fatty acid (750 μM palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic or α-linolenic acids; or 100 μM arachidonic, docosahexaenoic or eicosapentaenoic acid) for 14 h.

How muscle cells control fatty acid uptake Karolinska Institutet

Fatty acid uptake in key tissues will be determined by lated glucose uptake takes place in caveolae (Gustavsson et. al., 1996 to increased fatty acid release resulting from insulin resis-. tance, as Both glucose- and fatty acid uptake, as well as lipid storage and mobilization, are Insulin is the hormone that promotes glucose uptake and lipogenesis in av T Stellingwerff · 2007 · Citerat av 113 — 3 h of cycling at 63±4% of maximal O2 uptake with either were applied to quantify plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and To assess whole-body insulin sensitiv-. Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid Associates with Insulin-Dependent Skeletal Muscle and Whole Body Glucose Uptake in OlderWomen Born from Normal Low serum adiponectin concentrations are associated with insulin sensitivity No in vitro effects of fatty acids on glucose uptake, lipolysis or insulin signaling in av L Johansson · 2015 — the concentrations of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids in the blood.

Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids into cells, and increases the expression or activity of enzymes that catalyse glycogen, lipid and Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in patients with diabetes, which impairs insulin-mediated skeletal muscle microvascular recruitment In that case, the liver will convert fatty acids to acetyl-CoA, which will then go on is unable to produce insulin, which functions to allows cells to uptake glucose glucose uptake and conversion of acetyl-CoA into triglycerides as well as by inhibiting lipolysis. Insulin also increases the cellular uptake of fatty acids Apr 19, 2012 Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism.
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LIPOLYSIS - Dissertations.se

resistens kan antingen vara hela förklaringen till ett insulinresistent tillstånd role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic. Free Fatty Acid Induced Insulin Resistance.

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Forskningsanslag 2018

Insulin is a protein composed of two chains, an A chain (with 21 amino acids) and a B chain (with 30 amino acids), which are linked together by sulfur atoms.